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As such, they might have spend more foraging to meet their minimum energy needs.
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Generally speaking, WF can be defined as the minimum energy needed to extract an electron from bulk to infinity [42].
The bandgap energy is the minimum energy needed to break a covalent bond in the semiconductor crystal, so as to free an electron for conduction.
The optical gap (E gap ) of PbSe QDs is the minimum energy needed to excite an electron from the valence band to the conduction band.
By definition, the Φ (computed here as the difference between the energies of FL and the vacuum region) is the minimum energy needed by one electron to escape the surface.
The LEED standard goes through periodic revisions, and this year, the minimum energy requirements needed for the basic LEED certification for new buildings were raised.
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) indicates the minimum energy requirements needed to sustain vital functions while at rest.
This method is based on the minimum photon energy needed to promote electron hole pairs.
This is important because in Section 5.1, we will use (16) to find the minimum shift energy needed for the proposed technique.
We derive a closed-form lower bound for the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimation error, which allows us to find the minimum shift energy needed for accurate channel estimation in a given FD communication system.
The model shows that the addition of boron powder as a component of the mixture decreases the burning rate and causes a higher amount of minimum ignition energy needed for ignition, owing to the role of boron as a heat sink.
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