Sentence examples for minimum divergence times from inspiring English sources

We must emphasize that all of these rate estimates are approximate, based on rough estimates of minimum divergence times.

Also to accommodate more recent information, the minimum divergence times of F2 and F3 were changed from the original values used by Van Bocxlaer et al. (from 306.1 and 245.0 to 312 and 230, respectively).

As such, a number of studies of amphibian diversification utilize paleobiogeographic calibrations based on the timing of separation of landmasses as estimates of the minimum divergence time between two taxa or clades.

In addition, to allow the possibility that stratigraphic assignment of fossil taxa might be incorrect, we relaxed the strict minimum divergence time calibration by using a normal distribution around the minimum date for a particular stratigraphic interval.

While the removal of fossil calibration points did not affect the divergence times of interest (i.e., Barbourula Bombina and within Barbourula), this analysis serves to underscore the need to critically evaluate calibration points as well as the importance of divergence estimation methods that incorporate uncertainty, including "relaxed" minimum divergence time calibrations [47].

To obtain a minimum divergence time estimate of L. helicina from Arctic and Antarctic regions we also analysed the data within BEAST v1.4.8 (using a SRD06 nucleotide model and an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock model) using a fixed calibration date of 58.7 Ma on the divergence of Limacina (Limacinidae) and Hyalocylis (Creseinae) [29].

Each fossil calibration point provided a "relaxed" minimum divergence time estimate (see above) and assigned a prior with a normal distribution around a mean that was set to a time corresponding to the most recent age of the stratigraphic level estimated for the fossil based on the relevant literature.

The Rhynie chert oomycete fossils [ 21] were used to define a minimum divergence time of 408 Ma between oomycetes and ochrophytes (5-95% quantiles = 418 550 Ma).

Fossil dates correspond to those listed in Table 5 and act as constraints on the minimum divergence time for the node in question.

Furthermore, most SNPs have been calculated to be < 1 million years of age, compared with the minimum divergence time of chimpanzee and human which is estimated at 5 million years.

Calculation of divergence times using the highest estimate of the rate of synonymous changes for rbcL (3 × 10-10) in Fagaceae [ 38], calibrated using fossil data for the minimum divergence time of Castanea and Quercus (60 million years B.P.; see Crepet [ 2]), provides a rough guide to estimate divergence times based on the noncoding cpDNA sequences examined here.