Sentence examples for minimum divergence estimate from inspiring English sources

In this set of experiments, the minimum divergence estimate, 67.4 ± 15.6 Ma, was obtained for the composition with one extra node after the Tupaia divergence (Table 1).

Using these values, self-compatibility originated 0 0·64 mya (assuming a minimum divergence estimate of 7·7 mya) or 0 1·88 mya (assuming a maximum divergence estimate of 22·7 mya).

To obtain a minimum divergence time estimate of L. helicina from Arctic and Antarctic regions we also analysed the data within BEAST v1.4.8 (using a SRD06 nucleotide model and an uncorrelated log-normal relaxed clock model) using a fixed calibration date of 58.7 Ma on the divergence of Limacina (Limacinidae) and Hyalocylis (Creseinae) [29].

Each fossil calibration point provided a "relaxed" minimum divergence time estimate (see above) and assigned a prior with a normal distribution around a mean that was set to a time corresponding to the most recent age of the stratigraphic level estimated for the fossil based on the relevant literature.

We must emphasize that all of these rate estimates are approximate, based on rough estimates of minimum divergence times.

O'Leary et al. [ 8] recognize that 'Ghost lineage estimates are minimum divergence dates and may underestimate the timing of actual splits', but they subsequently abandoned this premise and accepted their fossil-based minimum-age constraints as though they were divergence times in inferring the biogeography and palaeoenvironment of a Palaeogene placental ancestor.

As such, a number of studies of amphibian diversification utilize paleobiogeographic calibrations based on the timing of separation of landmasses as estimates of the minimum divergence time between two taxa or clades.

Furthermore, most SNPs have been calculated to be < 1 million years of age, compared with the minimum divergence time of chimpanzee and human which is estimated at 5 million years.

This time interval is also consistent with estimates based on a mt DNA clock (calibrated using minimum divergence dates from the littorinid fossil record) [ 44].

Calculation of divergence times using the highest estimate of the rate of synonymous changes for rbcL (3 × 10-10) in Fagaceae [ 38], calibrated using fossil data for the minimum divergence time of Castanea and Quercus (60 million years B.P.; see Crepet [ 2]), provides a rough guide to estimate divergence times based on the noncoding cpDNA sequences examined here.

The more complex the trajectory is, the more accurate tracking is required with minimum divergence from the trajectory.