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Exact(5)
The detection limits, the minimum detectable signal higher than control signals, are 0.37 ng mL−1 for CEA, 10.75 U mL−1 for CA19-9, 5 U L−1 for H.P., 35 pg mL−1 for P53, 37.5 ng mL−1 for PG I, and 2.5 ng mL−1 for PG II, respectively.
We define the five-sigma value (55 K) as the minimum detectable signal level.
The photodiode array is operated with a reverse bias of a few mV and demonstrates a leakage current of 45 60 fA and a minimum detectable signal (MDS) of 0.15 fA while operating at room temperature.
Although cooling of the SPM lowered dark count rates and improved the minimum detectable signal, and the application of a digital filter enhanced the signal-to-noise ratio, the detection of very low light signals is still limited and remains a challenge in the design of compact photon counting systems.
The ROIC achieves a high gain of 106 dB Ω, a wide linear output swing of about 1 V, an input referred noise current of 1.95 pA/√Hz and a minimum detectable signal of 0.5 μA at SNR=3.3, leading to a linear dynamic range of 1 10,000 with a 3.3 V power supply.
Similar(55)
If we consider a minimum detectable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 7 dB, the maximum link distance allowed by the generic system used here as example is about 123 m (Figure6).
This system also has very wide dynamic range which can be greater than 76 dB with the minimum detectable phase signal about 3.3×10−4 rad/√Hz).
The combination of vector/temperature giving the minimum detectable fluorescence signal is chosen for the first round of evolution (Fig. 6A, 2.3).
High sensitivity is however desirable since phase noise and the minimum detectable velocity scale with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) assuming proper lateral sampling [ 28].
Based on the signal-to-noise ratios of the received signals, a minimum detectable amplitude perturbation of 0.2 dB has been taken.
Following the analysis in [ 22], the theoretical minimum detectable phase difference between two signals was determined as σΔ ϕ (rad) = 1/ SNR -1/2.
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