The N-HP-modified Ni foam can be directly used as electrodes, thereby simplifying the electrode fabrication process and offering advantages, such as enhanced electrode electrolyte contact area and minimum diffusion resistance.
The volume of liquid is increased or decreased until the droplet has a maximum or minimum contact angle without changing the surface area between the liquid and the solid substrate.
Initial spreading was defined as the first time point where contact was initiated and (i) contact was maintained for at least 45 s, and (ii) contact area reached a minimum level of 7.8 μm (corresponding to 500 pixels).
In particular, a matrix formed by the Cartesian product of two Cantor sets [16] would have next-to-nothing contact area, thus providing sensing with minimum perturbation.
Visual inspection, in addition to a post-hoc sensitivity analysis of contact area and contact force, confirmed this minimum threshold successfully excluded soft tissue contact with the thin-film pressure sensor.
This total surface area of contact is well below the contact area of ∼1000 µm2, which is the minimum adhesive pattern area in 2-D that allows for actin assembly (Fig. 2E).
During a sliding test performed under sphere-on-plane contact conditions, the contact area between the antagonists is the minimum at the beginning of the test.
In order to optimise heat conduction through the component and the heat sink, it is opportune to smooth the contact surface to obtain the greatest contact area between the two, thus reducing roughness to a minimum.
Although it can fit the flow cytometry data in Fig. 2 well, when it is used to analyze the data in Fig. 3, it predicts that as the ligand concentration decreases, the average contact area and number of bridging bonds go through minima and then rise, yielding a very poor fit to this data (Figure S3).
The effect of household change may be reduced by conducting studies on infection transmission within households for shorter periods of follow-up and for only those areas where the household change rates are low, thus ensuring minimum contact status misclassification.
