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a Averages of the divergence times estimated using the 2.3 Ga minimum constraint and the five ingroup root constraints (nodes A-K) and using the 1.198 ± 0.022 Ga constraint and the five ingroup root constraints (nodes L-P).
Following Ho and Phillips [ 97], we selected the value of the standard deviation so that 95%% of the probability density lies between the minimum constraint and the oldest date of the geological range where the fossil was found (21.7 Ma).
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For the second issue, the maximum and minimum constraint values 1 and 0 are assigned to the teeth feature points sets, Ω1 and Ω2, separately.
Apart from this, the sectors are required to meet the convexity constraint, connectivity constraint, minimum distance constraint, and minimum sector crossing time constraint [1, 2].
A long, thin-walled test section machined into the specimens has nearly uniform stress and deformation until a load maximum is reached and provides minimum constraint to the localized deformation that follows.
We define a relaxation coefficient for the minimum rate constraint and replace the minimum rate requirement by to form a perturbed problem.
The number of fibers in the bundle can vary between the maximum and minimum constraints (Equations 2 and 3).
Both these objectives can be met by devising appropriate utility functions that sharply increase at the minimum rate constraint and saturate at the maximum rate constraint.
With this strategy, a heuristic method was designed to maximize the weighted sum rate subject to the minimum rate constraint and the power limit.
A new corresponding algorithm, named MAR_MinSC, is also developed for mining association rules satisfying the minimum single constraint and the maximum support and confidence thresholds.
The basic service class demands a lower bandwidth, which provides the minimum quality constraint and threshold that the service should meet.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com