The specimens were designed based on Chinese code for design of concrete structures GB 50010-2010, which specified minimum horizontal and vertical reinforcement ratios of 0.25% in web, and vertical reinforcement ratio of 1.0% in boundary element.
At shallow and medium depths, the stress fields are characterized by σH > σh > σv and σH > σv > σh, respectively, where σH, σh, and σv are maximum horizontal, minimum horizontal, and vertical stresses, respectively.
In this study, we have converted the stress ratio ϕ to ϕ', which is defined as ϕ' = (σ Hmax − σ Hmin )/(σ v − σ Hmin ), where σ Hmax, σ Hmin, and σ v are the maximum and minimum horizontal and vertical principal stresses, respectively.
The most relevant parameters of geometry of tracks are the distance between their centers, gauge, the maximum axle load, gradient, the minimum horizontal and vertical radius of curvature, the maximum cant and the maximum cant gradient, and the length of transition curves corresponding to the minimum curve radius.
Stress gradients of 27.5, 15.6, and 22.9 MPa/km were used for the maximum horizontal stress, minimum horizontal stress, and vertical stress, respectively, with a pore pressure gradient of 10 MPa/km.
Maximum and minimum vertical changes occurred in the lateral incisor and canine, respectively.
The maximum horizontal stress (SHmax), minimum horizontal stress (Shmin) and vertical stress (Sv) magnitudes, and the SHmax orientation in the Linxing region were systematically analyzed for the first time in the present study, which can provide a reference for subsequent numerical simulation and hydraulic fracturing design.
According to the results, the minimum soil surface settlement and vertical diametral strain are provided by 5% of shredded rubber soil mixture placed over the pipe with a geocell, giving values of, respectively, 0.30 and 0.53 times those obtained in the unreinforced and untreated soil.
The differential displacement is the difference between the points of maximum and minimum vertical displacements along the strip footing length.
However, the behaviors of other characteristics of the force, including the maximum of its vertical component and the minimums of its horizontal and vertical components, become complicated and highly nonlinear because of water overtopping on the deck.
