The AFM measurements were done at room temperature in inert atmosphere to avoid oxidation and minimize surface tension forces.
Use of TEOS, on the other hand, increases the rate of condensation and gives twisted surfaces and gyroids to minimize surface tension.
Growth with NO3 gives smooth spheres in the bulk region, and this shape is typical to slow condensation to minimize surface tension [31, 57].
Cells may as well rearrange to minimize surface tension and to recover a flat tissue geometry again.
Starting from a rough initial guess, the individual cell wall positions predicted by simple image processing in a liquid foam are refined using the Cellular Potts Model in Fig. 2 by minimizing the surface tension.
Nevertheless, these increments are rather small to enable complete alteration of the contact angle to minimize the surface tension.
At the non-uniform or single-sided coverage types the C4F structures aspire to the spontaneous folding in order to minimize their surface tension.
Actions that would expand the surface area of a liquid work against this tendency to minimize surface are therefore met with an opposing force, usually called surface tension.
The biophysical explanation for this sorting is the tendency of cell clusters to minimize their surface, similar to the minimization of surface tension in liquids.
Theory had predicted that they would be spherical, because, like soap bubbles, they are subject to a surface tension that minimizes their surface area.
