In order to minimize surface energy, some of these nanostructures can agglomerate together to form flower-like clusters as illustrated in Fig. 2b [6].
The attachment of calcium carbonate particulates on their flat surfaces to minimize surface energy is analogous to the assembly behavior of inorganic crystallites over a flat substrate, including that via so-called artificial epitaxy [[28]], or in solution [[29 31]].
A gradual decrease of the detected silver content, compared to that of the as-sputtered samples, occurs as a consequence of the tendency to minimize surface energy at the metal-polymer interface.
The Pd NPs kept on growing larger by minimizing its surface energy with increased Pd thickness.
This suggests that the roughening of the NW surface contributes to minimizing the surface energy and, in turn, decreasing the stability of the SiNWs.
For minimizing the surface energy, the surface reconstructed to remove some of these dangling bonds, and this is usually done by the formation of sp2 sites.
The equilibrium crystal shape of c-ZrO2 nano-particles, calculated according to the Wulff construction by minimizing the surface energy, can be described as a truncated octahedron showing a mixture of (001) and (111) surfaces (Fig. 6b).
It turns out that the phase segregation is characterized by a non-equilibrium geometrical rearrangement of the interfaces which tends to aggregate, minimizing the surface energy, and evolve to a dissolution of the nanostructured domains in the PDLLA-rich phase.
Numerical studies of multilayer adsorptive system were reported mostly by considering isotropic and anisotropic vertical diffusion for gas-condensate system, assuming preferential motion of adatoms toward lower layers by minimizing the surface energy (see, for example, Ref. [16]).
