The radial irradiation is found to be not favorable especially for large oil samples where the hot spot occurs at the center resulting in larger thermal gradient that contrasts earlier works which established that the radial irradiation minimizes the thermal gradient irrespective of sample size.
Comparison: In this step the energy is calculated from the equation E = frac{1}{2}mathop sum limits_{i = 1}^{n} left( {y_{i} - d_{i} } right)^{2}, (6 which is to be minimized by the gradient method.
After the structural elements are grouped according to the property of symmetry, the objective function is minimized by the gradient descent algorithm, and as a result, the lengths of cable as well as the nodal coordinates are obtained and different structural modes corresponding to different grouping conditions can be achieved.
A bi-layer deposition scheme is developed to minimize the strain gradient without compromising the electrical resistivity of film.
An optimal design of the radiator that uses ribs for effective use by minimizing the temperature gradient on the radiator and reducing its weight is introduced.
In addition, to minimize the oxygen gradient along the graft, multiple segments are added to microchannels and their locations along the microchannels are optimized.
The kinetics tests were conducted under a methodically designed isothermal condition to minimize the thermal gradient effect, which is often neglected in the literature.
The objectives are to match a desired velocity field, or to match a desired electrical potential field, or to minimize the potential gradient, or to minimize the vorticity in the flow domain.
To achieve the best possible uniform heating and data quality, and to minimize the temperature gradient in a relatively large sample area, samples were prepared with careful attention to details.
A multi-sheet cell design is thus proposed and demonstrated to substantially minimize the temperature gradient, achieving 30% more rapid self-heating with 27% less energy consumption than those reported in the literature.
