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By spinoculating cells with Env-deficient, VSVg-pseudotyped virus, we ensured a synchronous, single-round infection, and by using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) sufficient to infect >90% of cells, we minimized confounding effects from bystander (uninfected) cells.
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Exclusion criteria were aimed to minimize confounding effects on sarcopenia.
Daniel Buren's room-filling maze mixing mirrored and colorfully striped walls also plays with the perceptually confounding effects.
But Mr Ariely and his colleagues demonstrate a mechanism through which such confounding effects could operate.
To account for confounding effects due to soil organic matter, microbial properties were expressed per Corg.
Second, the effect of transfusion was corrected for confounding effects (see Additional file 2).
To avoid confounding effects, these were not used for model calibration.
Our second approach considered the confounding effects of subpopulation differentiation and relatedness between individuals.
Sex, age, and BMI are variables to control possible confounding effects on the physiological measures.
Major resolution, however, makes samples more vulnerable to disturbances and confounding effects.
The differences in response show the confounding effects of SPME fiber selectivity.
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