The glass gap has a thin conductive coating on the inner surface to minimize perturbations on the beam due to changing boundary conditions.
The schemes, termed accuracy optimized methods (AOMs), define and solve a quadratic programming problem at each discrete time level to minimize perturbations from higher order accurate methods subject to imposed constraints.
We study how lipid probes based on pyrene-labeling could be designed to minimize perturbations in lipid bilayers, and how the same design principles could be exploited to develop probes which gauge lipid dynamics primarily within a single lipid monolayer or between them.
Tryptophan donors and Cys-AEDANS acceptors were chosen because, compared to previous NCP FRET fluorophores, they: (1) are smaller and less hydrophobic, which should minimize perturbations of histone and NCP structure; and (2) have an R0 of 20 Å, which is much less than the dimensions of the NCP (∼ 50 Å width and ∼ 100 Å diameter).
We chose to mutate E715 to lysine, creating Ire1KR32(E715K), to minimize perturbations to space filling, local hydrophobicity and H-bonding capability.
This technique minimized perturbation of the native UPR as well as differences arising from position insertion variegation effects.
Additionally, brighter sensors can be used at lower concentrations, thus minimizing perturbation of metal ion homeostasis.
The bias voltage (20 80 V), as well as the voltages applied to the trap (50 100 V) and transfer (10 50 V) T-waves, were optimized to liberate the MP from the MP/Apol or MP/detergent complex while minimizing perturbations to the MP structure.
To minimize process perturbation by identification experiments, the model for controller design was derived from a rigorous LNG simulator.
The self-compensated circuit is used to minimize the perturbation effect of the RF voltage across the probe sheath [12, 13, 14].
