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The angle can be calculated using a staple of high school physics called Snell's law, but in the 17th century Pierre de Fermat provided a deeper explanation: the light beam acts as though it were trying to minimize its total travel time.
Using a genetic algorithm (GA), each exchanger of the network is designed in order to minimize its total annual cost.
We formulate a variational principal for the balloon, and seek to determine shapes that minimize its total energy subject to a volume constraint.
Note that EU i with utility function J i (R i ) aims to minimize its total required transmit SNR from APs.
Considering effective practical optimization constraints and design parameters, Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to maximize the recuperator effectiveness and minimize its total cost, simultaneously.
The fuel cell's design parameters are chosen so as to globally minimize its total annualized cost for a given power production level.
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Electromagnetic cloak is a device that has the potential to conceal an object by minimizing its total scattering cross section over a desired frequency.
The equilibrium shape of the woven fabric is obtained by minimizing its total potential energy, accounting for the work of the reaction forces due to the transverse yarns.
KEM is a bottom-up model covering six supply-side sectors in the Saudi energy economy and, within these, the electricity sector works toward minimizing its total system cost.
This paper investigates optimal reinsurance strategies for an insurer with multiple lines of business under the criterion of minimizing its total capital requirement calculated based on the multivariate lower-orthant Value-at-Risk.
Modeling of origami structures with smooth folds exhibiting elastic behavior is performed by determining the configuration of the structure that minimizes its total potential energy subject to the derived kinematic constraints.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com