Systems can be designed to involve minimal operator intervention, to minimize dose to the sample, and to provide high throughput at commercial seaports, airports and other entry points.
For rotational techniques, care must be taken to minimize dose to the contralateral lung.
The advantage of proton therapy hinges on its ability to minimize dose to normal tissues distal to the tumor.
Protons have also been used in the treatment of prostate cancer to achieve dose escalation while minimizing doses to normal tissues [ 23].
Treatment planning typically involves delivering an adequate dose to the intact breast while minimizing doses to the critical lung, heart, and contralateral breast organs using the conventional tangential field technique.
Background: Radiotherapy is based on the premise of accurate dose delivery to target volumes within a patient, while minimizing dose to surrounding tissues.
This modality circumvents the technical limitations of relying on multiple en face electron fields while minimizing dose to adjacent normal tissues.
Radiotherapy treatment planning is, in broad terms, the process of planning the delivery of a prescribed dose to a tumor or target volume while minimizing dose to the surrounding critical structures.
Recently introduced radiotherapy planning and delivery techniques through reduced radiation volumes to healthy organs are intended to minimize dose-related effects, including heart and lung diseases, hypothyroidism, or secondary cancers [ 44].
Therefore, dose impact from irregular body contour and internal tissue heterogeneity must be considered to minimize dose variation within the body [ 1, 3].
