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To minimize confounding factors due to ethnical differences, all patients selected in the study were Caucasians and had European origins.
The reliable detection, measurement, and interpretation of treatment-related developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) effects depend on appropriate study design and execution, using scientifically established methodologies, with appropriate controls to minimize confounding factors.
Based on lessons learned from our analysis, future surveys will be standardized in terms of timing (conducted during the transitional water season) and methodology (using our most recent field protocols) to minimize confounding factors and provide more robust inference about population trends.
To minimize confounding factors we constructed a novel geospatial contrasts method that related avian community structure to human WNV incidence (per capita) using the between-county differences in avian community structure metrics and human disease incidence of neighboring counties in which one county did not report human WNV and the other did (Fig. 1).
To minimize confounding factors it is important to eliminate the effect of the tumor itself as much as possible.
The subjects were advised not to consume caffeine, smoke or exercise, and to sleep enough before the experimental day in order to minimize confounding factors.
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To minimize confounding from these factors, we have included in the data analysis smoking-related disorders such as stroke, ischemic heart disease, COPD and asthma, and alcohol related illnesses for adjustment.
We tried to minimize confounding bias by including factors either previously known, or suspected to be associated with use of pain medication after arthroplasty, but recognize that residual confounding is a limitation of study design.
On the other hand, the homogeneity of the population concerning socio-economic aspects, the supportive environment, and the good relationships between colleagues are considered to minimize confounding of the different factors.
This variable was intended to control for provider-level variation in HbA1c testing frequency, as well as to minimize confounding from higher-level factors such as the clinical practice environment.
Randomization will be stratified by county in an effort to minimize confounding due to county-level factors such as differing levels of economic development.
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