The images were captured at the same time of the year in order to minimise the expression of variations in such factors as light quality, geometry of the observation and variances in the state of a community over the course of a year (Mambo and Archer 2007).
For this reason, minimising the expression in equation (3) selects just one male and one female, i.e., those with the minimum values of a i,Ex.
A decision rule could then be adopted to choose that threshold, t*, which minimises the above expression or equivalently which minimises r×P×(1−Se(t))+(1−P)×(1−Sp(t)), where r=(CFN/CFP) is the relative cost of FN compared with FP.
Use of this unique promoter should minimise interference with the expression of selectable markers or activation-tagged genes resident in Arabidopsis T-DNA insertion lines which typically employ the CaMV35S promoter ([ 36- 38]; I. Parkin, unpublished).
Therefore, we decided to change only the last eleven amino acids of the protein, rather than to make a full knock out strain, in order to minimise changes to the expression strain.
The combined activation of ACC, medial PFC and the angular gyri suggests that once subjects detect an error, they check the expression again to minimise the uncertainty coming from the possibility that it is not the expression that is incorrect but rather that they have made an error [22], [23].
By exchanging nucleotides, which are required for binding of the bacterial RNA-polymerase, but which are of no or little importance for the transcription initiation in the final eukaryotic recipient, it is possible to minimise the heterologous gene expression while maintaining the desired characteristics of the promoter with regard to its function in eukaryotic cells or tissues [ 13].
The mRNA expression levels of the target genes were normalized relative to the expression of the housekeeping gene actin2 to minimise sample variation.
We believe that by keeping the expression levels to the minimum consistent with detection, we minimise any potential artefacts due to over-expression.
