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This behaviour is widely known in small-size lamellar structures, which spontaneously tend to form closed spherical or tubular structures to minimise surface energy.
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An obstacle to application of these NPs is that they tend to aggregate and form larger secondary particles, in order to minimise their surface energy.
Leave to cool for 5 minutes, then run a sharp knife around the edge of the cheesecake to loosen it and minimise surface cracking.
In order to minimise surface temperature variation, to minimise thermal decomposition of certain melt compounds and to increase the melt lifetime, it is necessary to apply higher energy density flux at the beginning of the laser pulse.
absolute surface energy.
In multiple seam extractions it is also necessary to protect the overlying workable seams and minimise surface subsidence.
Surface conditions, such as surface roughness, surface charge, surface energy, and chemical composition, have important influences on the osseointegration process.
High surface energy states foster cellular adhesion [ 20].
The dispersion component of surface energy free energy remains practically without any changes.
For smooth surface energies, Eqs.
Adsorption experiments showed features suggesting multiple surface energies.
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