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And thanks to workers lacking the power they once enjoyed in an increasingly skill-obsessed economy, young people are often being pressured into getting extra degrees on their own dime (which is to say by taking on more debt) for minimal payoff.
We reduce this matrix to the minimal payoff matrix by taking into account that the nature of fixed points of evolutionary dynamics (though not their location) remains unaffected under a projective transformation of the relative cells frequencies (Hofbauer and Sigmund, 1998).
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Let (mathbf U_{text {min}}=left (U^{text {I}}_{text {min}},U^{text {II}}_{text {min}}right)), where (U^{text {I}}_{text {min}}) and (U^{text {II}}_{text {min}}) represent the minimal payoffs that TX I and TX II can be satisfied if both of them cooperate with each other.
Finally, to avoid division by zero and the intricacies of negative wealth ('debt'), we assume that players have a minimal cumulative payoff of 1 (again, this is no crucial model ingredient. Alternatively, all payoffs could be shifted by a constant amount towards positive values).
In these two problems, the authors found a strategy combination such that each player wishes to find a minimal lose from his multivalued payoff function.
Your go-to fall slow cooker recipes ― because who doesn't love minimal effort for maximum cooking payoff?
The payoff matrix (2) provides a minimal description of the disease and identifies the kernel features which determine tumour behaviour and dynamics.
(JP Morgan owns a minimal amount of Detroit's debt, so the payoff wouldn't be just financial).
What a lovely political algorithm: payoffs to powerful, unionized constituents at minimal cost.
When a social utilitarian allocator UA decides to serve individual k with the minimal endowment m k, he will consider the corresponding payoff π k = m k ·p k as well as his own payoff π 0 = t·m k ·p k.
We would like to speculate that the phenotypic error rate is on the border between minimal costs (of e.g. misfolded proteins) and maximum payoff (via the look-ahead effect).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com