Digitonin (20 μmol/L) was used to answer for minimal compartmentalization [ 20].
Since carboxy SNARF-AM esters localize in the cytosol with minimal compartmentalization, we expect the current pHi-measurements to principally reflect the cytosolic pH and not that of granules or other organelles.
In fact, even in cells with minimal compartmentalization such as bacteria, differences between metal availability in the cytosol and periplasm may play a critical role in ensuring proper metalation of proteins.
Carboxy SNARF-AM esters diffuse through the cell membrane and are hydrolyzed by cytosolic esterases, consequently getting trapped in the cytosol with minimal leakage or compartmentalization [ 52- 56].
While it is customary to adjust p-values for multiple comparisons when making positive claims, our use of uncorrected p-values is conservative with respect to the negative conclusions in this study (i.e., that compartmentalization was minimal).
To understand how specific DNA and chromatin elements contribute to the functional organization of the genome, we developed a new tool the tagged chromosomal insertion site (TCIS) system to identify and study minimal DNA sequences that drive nuclear compartmentalization and applied this system to specifically study the role of cis elements in targeting DNA to the nuclear lamina.
Published: June 18 , 2015The cellular membrane defines the minimal unit of life and creates the compartmentalization that orchestrates the transport of molecules, intracellular signaling, cell-cell communication, pathogen recognition, and many other processes (van Meer et al., 2008).
Regardless what have been debating on the origin of life on earth, there are three minimal elements for the origin of life: macromolecules, compartmentalization and homeostasis that makes molecules, large or small, moving among the compartments in an organized fashion in the primordial Darwin's warm little pond [81].
Caschera, F. & Noireaux, V. Compartmentalization of an all- E. coli cell-free expression system for the construction of a minimal cell.
This is relevant to the origins of life, as well as synthetic life studies, because it supports current thinking that the compartmentalization is one of the very basic characteristics of any cell [ 259- 261], no matter how primitive or minimal it may be.
Focus on compartmentalization.
