Developing lightweight, flexible and sustainable sensor networks with miniaturized integration and functionality for the Internet of Things (IoT) remains a challenge and an urgent demand for the next-generation electronic devices.
Microfabrication of sensing devices using thin film and thick film technology has led to miniaturized sensors, and integration of various sensors and microfluidic devices led to so-called μTAS or lab-on-a-chip systems, which are expected to play a major role in the future of pH measurements.
Ultimately, with additional integration of miniaturized potentiostat electronics, a portable sensor system capable of Mn determination in water samples is envisioned.
A concept of miniaturized MOEMS system with the integration of both tuning principles has been developed.
A Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) allows the integration of intelligent, miniaturized, low-power, invasive, and noninvasive sensor nodes to monitor body function and the surrounding environment [7].
A unique feature of our present RPM, the RPI version, is the integration of a miniaturized CO2 incubator including a 14 L test chamber, mounted at the center of rotation of both frames (Fig. 1).
Miniaturized biosensors are currently being developed for the integration of electrical, optical, and physical measurements with fluid handling, [11 14].
For miniaturized, on-chip applications such as optical detection in lab-on-a-chip systems, integration of optoelectronic functionality [1] with silicon-based technology is of high interest due to the advanced technologies available for silicon processing.
The main goal of this short communication is the presentation of two concepts of the integration of optoelectronics with immobilized enzymes leading to the development of smart, miniaturized, and highly economic biosensors designed for practical flow analysis.
