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The contact between the miniature structure and the substrate is divided into two separate stages: (1) without adhesion, (2) with adhesion.
To predict stiction, a criterion on the geometry of the miniature structure as a function of adhesion energy, internal tensile stresses and contact area between the miniature structure and the substrate is established, which can be used to improve the MEMS design and prevent the sticking failure.
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Without adhesion, the load required to deform the miniature structure increases with the internal tensile stresses and the contact area.
The novel hydrophone not only possesses satisfactory directional pattern as well as miniature structure, but also has good low-frequency characteristics, and satisfies the requirements for low-frequency acoustic measurement.
Using linear elastic plate theory and considering the influence of internal tensile stresses, the deflection and adhesive contact of an axisymmetric suspended miniature structure are analyzed.
For adhesive contact, a thermodynamic method is used to analytically obtain the pull-off force required to separate the miniature structure from the substrate.
Strong adhesive force between two solid surfaces is in some cases sufficient to deform a miniature structure to a substrate resulting in the stiction failure of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices.
His final chapter explains some of the science (minus equations) behind materials: that it is all a matter of Russian-doll structural hierarchies stretching up from the tiny atoms, though nano, micro and miniature structures until we have the things we can see and handle.
The sculptures concretize the elegiac, memorial quality of Mr. Twombly's paintings with tangible objects and miniature structures.
"We still have our ghosts, we still have black magic," said Todsaporn Jamsuwan, the co-founder of Holy Plus, a company that makes "spirit houses," the ubiquitous miniature structures that resemble dollhouses and serve as dwellings for protective ghosts.
This approach not only overcomes many technical barriers for examining hydrodynamic vortices and movements in miniature structures without physically integrating any probes, but it is also especially useful for the hydrodynamic studies in polymer-glass based micro -reactor and -mixer.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com