Osteocalcin plays a role in the regulation of bone mineralization and also regulates osteoblast and osteoclast activity [ 23].
Mutations in the phosphate regulating protein Phex cause X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets involving low serum phosphate, defective bone mineralization and also craniosynostosis [ 51– 51].
However, in other engineered ectopic in vivo bone models using stem cells and CaP-based scaffolds bone formation occurred via an intramembranous mineralization process and also led to the formation of bone marrow compartments (Eyckmans et al., 2010; Chai et al., 2012).
Albumin, on the other hand, was shown here to be less inhibitory on mineralization and it also appeared to be more sensitive to boiling.
In humans, MEPE inhibits mineralization and is also involved in renal phosphate regulation [ 16, 17].
However, in many instances they also elicited mineralization and bone formation, a phenomenon that appeared to relate to their donor's age; the type of tooth of origin; and the host environment.
It had played an important role in organic matter mineralization, but also induced a good solubility and diffusion of gases such as oxygen in water (Belghiti et al. 2013; Bokossa et al. 2014b).
Osteocytes may function collectively as a syncytium [127], are sensitive to mechanical loading, promote [68] bone breakdown and regulate its growth [69], may locally regulate matrix mineralization [128] and also mobilise calcium [66,129] in response to PTH signalling [130].
We therefore hypothetized that statins may have an effect on alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), an enzyme with an important role in bone mineralization and that may also contribute to pathological mineralization in other tissues, such as vascular calcification.
The nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs) also induce cytotoxicity to osteoclasts, which is favorable for enhanced bone mineralization, and recent studies also showed that N-BPs had cytotoxic activities on tumors such as breast and prostate cancer.
Vitamin D plays a key role in bone development and mineralization, and it is also involved in the regulation of cell growth and immune function [ 1- 4].
