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Fresh unweathered material with high reactive mineral surface area is continuously provided to the surface layer by denudation diminishing the effect of decreasing weathering rate over time.
The major cathodic mineral in the mixture was dictated by the combination of mineral surface area and reactivity and drew iron oxidation species from the grinding media.
Ensembles of 100 physically heterogeneous realizations were simulated for three geochemical conditions: 1) spatially homogeneous reactive mineral surface area, 2) reactive surface area positively correlated to hydraulic heterogeneity, and 3) reactive surface area negatively correlated to hydraulic heterogeneity.
The remaining OC-free mineral surface area, once eroded, may thus have a significant, and to date unquantified, capacity to adsorb additional organic matter, which may act as a long-term atmospheric carbon sink.
To fit the model to all four criteria, however, it was necessary to (1) treat diffusivity using a threshold in which it increased once porosity exceeded a critical value of 9%, and (2) treat mineral surface area as a fitting factor.
The quantity of OC per unit of mineral surface area (OC/SA) and OC inventories increased by a factor of 2 3 in depositional sites as result of soil mixing due to erosional movement as confirmed by 210Pb, 137Cs, and 10Be profiles and inventories.
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Simulations with time-dependent mineral surface areas show a sequence of solid alteration products, described by: magnetite → cronstedtite → berthierine → chlorite.
Simulations with fixed mineral surface areas show that berthierine dominates the solid product assemblage, with siderite replacing it at simulation times greater than 10,000 years.
Nanometer-scale pores are abundant in porous geological media (soils, sediments, and aquifer materials), and may account for over > 90% of total mineral surface areas.
The results show that most of the chlorite becomes depleted in the highly conductive deformation zones where higher mineral surface areas are available for reactions.
The distribution of iron oxidation species onto the two minerals in the mixture changed with the ratio of the mineral surface areas and was correlated with mineral flotation recovery.
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