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The samples taken after 5 and 30 min of laser irradiation were found to have particles with average size of 46 and 8 nm respectively.
The samples taken after 5 min of laser irradiation shows the formation of large size particles that are nearly spherical (Fig. 2b).
After 45 min of laser illumination of As40S60 film, the shift becomes less and at exposure time of ~150 min, the changes almost disappeared.
Also, (3) the intensity of the 2TA phonon mode at 300 cm−1 was quenched after 1 min of laser exposure which may result from disorder in the crystalline structure [52].
The mean crystallite diameter was calculated (using Scherrer's formula) to be 16.3, 42.7, and 11.4 nm for the native PVA-capped silver nanoparticles, samples obtained after 5 and 30 min of laser irradiation respectively.
After 5 min of laser treatment the average maximum temperature change in the tumor was 13.7 ± 1.0 °C for the "saline + laser" group, 31.1 ± 0.7 °C for the "nanoshell + laser" group, and 33.7 ± 8.0 °C for the "nanomatryoshka + laser" group.
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As shown in Figure S3, the temperature of the medium increased and reached about 80 °C at 2.5 min of irradiation (laser power: 600 mW), indicating the efficacy of the NRs to elevate the temperature of surrounding envioronments.
For example, the level of autofluorescence at a given location within a fixed sup-T1 cell increased to 37 (average from 7 independent measurements) after 10 min of constant laser illumination (Fig. 2(b)).
As seen in Figure 4A, the temperature of vials containing 3, 6, 10, 20, and 30 μg/mL of nrGO-PEG solution readily reached to approximately 55°C, 60°C, 65°C, 68°C, and 70°C, respectively, within 5 min of 808 nm laser irradiation (0.6 W/cm2), displaying a concentration-dependent rapid photothermal heating at low nrGO-PEG concentrations (from 3 to 20 μg/mL).
The nrGO-PEG obtained by this chemical reduction method afforded approximately 6.5-fold increase in NIR absorbance and 26°C increase under 5 min of 808 nm laser irradiation (0.6 W/cm2), but it aggregated in the solution due to the removal of functional groups from GO sheet [20].
Particle diameters decrease in response to the NIR irradiation, and increase back to their original size within 10 min of the NIR laser being turned off.
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