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The most famous examples of mimicry are found among insects, and they take two forms: Müllerian mimicry, in which two species evolve convergently to have a similar appearance, and Batesian mimicry, in which one species evolves to resemble another.
This form of mimicry, in which a defenseless organism bears a close resemblance to a noxious and conspicuous one, is called Batesian, in honour of its discoverer.
Aggressive mimicry in which the predator resembles a nonthreatening third party is exemplified by the American zone-tailed hawk, whose resemblance to certain nonaggressive vultures enables it to launch surprise attacks against small animals.
Once they learned how to brew cyanide from pollen, they made their own tissues toxic and developed the higher art of Mullerian mimicry, in which poisonous species resemble one another.
The pervasive condition of African architectural education and practice is one of mimicry, in which students and architects are (sub-consciously) driven to copy 'solutions' posed by practitioners outside the continent, most typically European or American, whose understanding and experience of Africa is often limited in nature.
There are two basic types of deceptive coloration: (1) concealing coloration, or camouflage, in which the organism blends into its surroundings; and (2) mimicry, in which the organism is not hidden but rather presents a false identity by its resemblance to another species.
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However, predator mimicry – cases in which prey have evolved to mimic their predators to thwart predation attempts – are both exceptional and rare.
We propose here a mimicry model in which the Pavlovian predator system [18], [20] is expanded by including alternative prey (other than the Model, the Mimic, or co-Mimics) and a predator that follows optimal foraging strategy ( = a Darwinian predator), because the existence of alternative prey to the aposematic prey species has a significant effect on mimicry [33] [35].
Closely related species and sub-species typically differ in colour pattern [ 14] and are adapted to local Müllerian mimicry rings in which distasteful species converge on a common pattern [ 15, 16].
This case might provide one of the first examples in which mimicry was gained and then lost again, emphasizing the evolutionary lability of Batesian mimicry.
This situation is exactly the way in which mimicry arises.
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