With this in mind, Berger created mathematical models that mimic this transformation, even without understanding why the transformation happens.
To create DNA substrates to mimic DNA transformation in vitro, heterologous inserts of increasing sizes were cloned into vector pGEM-3Zf.
The RecA-dependent DNA strand exchange reaction was carried out as described [57] between circular ssDNA (NEB) and linear dsDNA (Invitrogen) derived from ΦX174, M13mp18, or between the circular ssDNA and linear dsDNA substrates generated to mimic DNA transformation or pilin antigenic variation.
Experimentally, when exposed to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), NZB/W mice promptly developed an accelerated diffuse proliferative nephritis [ 3, 4], clinically and pathologically mimicking the transformation of renal lesion types from low grade to high grade in LN patients.
Chips bearing cells embedded in gel containing liver specific CYP450 family detoxification enzymes have been generated to mimic the bio transformation activities found in liver in vivo [33].
We created a number of DNA substrates to mimic the DNA transformation of antibiotic resistance genes i.e. DNAs with increasing amounts of insert heterology: pGEM with either a 10 bp PacI linker (pGEM-10), a 100 bp fragment of an ermR gene (pGEM-100), or a 1000 bp fragment of the ermR gene cloned into the vector pGEM-10000) (Figure 6A, B).
In a relatively brief time period, this $34 billion company is mimicking the social transformation that has swept global communications over the last decade.
Our findings in the combined CMV and PEEP, MyHC isoform transformation mimicked that for the shortened, immobilized rat soleus muscle (Table 5).
It seems that germ cells of the testicles (or the ovaries), as well as the primitive embryonic germ cells that have remained in extragonadal locations in the midline of the body (mediastinum, retroperitoneum), can undergo malignant transformation and mimic procedures of normal embryonic development by differentiating towards various embryonic or extra-embryonic elements.
Hence a model based on graph transformations is coupled with a multiagent paradigm to enable the parallelisation of these transformations to mimic the real life approach.
But he documents a transformation that mimics that of earlier immigrant enclaves, triggered largely, he says, by the acceptance of gay men and women in the mainstream.
