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We consider a population consisting of both "avoiders" and "normal" individuals (with a proportion pA of "avoiders") and assume that the rate of infection of susceptible individuals depends on the number of each type of infected individuals (i.e. mildly infected and severely infected individuals).
Very little difference was seen between mildly infected and non-infected groups on either time point.
The results of the expression analysis in a previous study [ 33] (Supporting Information, File S4 in [ 33]) further showed that TNF is significantly upregulated (q-value = 1.98e 11) in severely infected mice compared with mildly infected mice, suggesting that the TNF expression is associated with the severity of host outcomes after influenza infection.
Of the 77 infected calves, 53.2% were mildly infected, 28.6% were moderately and 18.2% were severely infected.
Of the 77 infected calves, 53.2% were mildly infected, 28.6% were moderately and 18.2% were severely infected at capture.
Patients who develop severe symptoms after nvH1N1 infection showed Th1 and Th17 'hypercytokinemia', compared to mildly infected patients and healthy controls.
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1 = Mildly clinically infected.
Bermejo-Martin and colleagues have presented a pilot study describing the differences in the early immune response for patients both mildly and severely infected with nvH1N1.
By analyzing 29 cytokines and chemokines and the hemagglutination inhibition activity, Bermejo-Martin and colleagues [ 1] assessed the early host innate and adaptive immune responses in patients both mildly and severely infected with nvH1N1.
Bowen's decision, eccentric though it sounds to the peacetime reader, was in keeping with the febrile, impulsive and mildly crazy spirit that infected the city.
On the other hand, Sourisseau et al. have reported that the cell-to-cell infection can be prevented by mildly shaking the cell culture infected with viruses (Sourisseau et al., 2007).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com