Overall, 6 μl of 0.5% IA appeared to be a mild trigger of cartilage damage showing a clear loss of safranin O staining (data not shown).
We can consider a gradient of cellular stress in which the mild fraction triggers the expression of genes that might help cells to survive; and a severe, long-lasting cellular stress culminates with cell death.
The decreased expression of neuronal structure proteins complements previous data, which show that chronic mild stress triggers alterations of hippocampal synapses and promotes a decrease in dendritic spine density [ 7].
I couldn't speak, couldn't rationalise.' He thinks now that he was suffering from mild depression, triggered by memories of his adolescence.
In addition to transcription, the mild UPR triggered by proteasome inhibition in VSMC may induce translation repression [17].
A more extreme injury results in necrotic killing, whereas a milder injury triggers apoptosis.
About a decade ago, we discovered a mild anionic triggering procedure to generate transitory o-QMs at low temperature from readily available salicylaldehydes, particularly OBoc derivatives.
This study was designed to investigate the impact of oestrogen loss on articular cartilage and subchondral bone and the role of oestrogen in susceptibility of the patella and tibia for osteoarthritis, by combining a mild osteoarthritis trigger with oestrogen depletion.
In agreement with those previous studies, we also found that chronic mild stress triggered signs of hippocampal neurodegeneration, which was documented by hippocampal tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased levels of major neuronal proteins such as Map2 and Sncg, and an increased level of A β-generating App.
We addressed this hypothesis by investigating bone and cartilage changes in the proximal tibia and patella of knee joints of ovariectomized mice and ovariectomized mice receiving oestrogen replacement, combined with a mild osteoarthritis trigger induced by iodoacetate, an inhibitor of glycolysis that is an accepted model for osteoarthritis [ 31- 34].
