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The authors did not observe an association between mild chronic kidney disease (defined as presence of microalbuminuria and GFR >60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) and CAC (multivariable adjusted odds ratio for CAC >400 versus CAC ≤10 was 0.97 [95% confidence interval, 0.23 to 4.14] for mild chronic kidney disease compared to no kidney disease).
13 14 We have also shown that in patients with T2D and mild chronic kidney disease (CKD), the correlation between serum C-peptide and urine is maintained.
Of these patients, 44%% (n = 635) had values <90 ml/min/1.73 m (some degree of renal impairment) and of these, >80 % were defined as having stage 2 (mild) chronic kidney disease (eGFR 60 89 ml/min/1.73 m).
Detailed analyses based on GFR measurements have demonstrated a white excess for mild chronic kidney disease giving way to a black excess for moderate to severe chronic kidney disease [ 52, 53].
In the control group (data presented are mean ± SD) (mean CrCl 112 ± 8 mL/min), average renal metformin clearance was 636 ± 84 mL/min, whereas in mild chronic kidney disease (CKD) (CrCl 61 90 mL/min; mean 73 ± 7) clearance was reduced at 384 ± 122 mL/min.
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Less is known about fracture risk in milder chronic kidney disease and whether chronic kidney disease associated fracture risk varies by sex or assessment with alternative kidney markers.
In general, the prognosis of PSGN-associated HUS has been favorable, with the majority of patients recovering fully or having mild residual chronic kidney disease or proteinuria [ 5– 12].
Patients with mild to severe chronic kidney diseases, arrhythmia, or obstructive renal dysfunction were excluded from this study.
Already in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease an increased risk of cardiovascular events and higher mortality have been reported [ 1, 2, 9- 12].
The majority of the current RTX patients had mild to moderate chronic kidney disease, i.e. stage 2 3, and with fewer symptoms than would be expected with more advanced renal failure.
Studies were clinically diverse, being conducted in Asia and Europe, and included patients with diabetes mellitus (median prevalence 23%) or mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (median baseline serum creatinine 1.0 mg/dL 1 (88 μmol/L)).
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