It is known that DC activation is coupled to increased cell migration to lymphoid organs [41].
The Rassf adapter protein, Rapl (also named Nore1b), is known to activate Mst1 by regulating its localization and kinase activity during lymphocyte migration to lymphoid organs [10].
The optimization of ex vivo DC manipulation has focused primarily on maturation stimuli to enhance the expression of co-stimulatory molecules, secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and expression of chemokine receptors important for migration to lymphoid organs.
LTB4 upregulates the expression of CCR7 and its ligand CCL19/ELC, which mediate the migration to lymphoid organs.
The features of DC include their ability to capture antigens, the capability of processing and presenting peptides, and migration to lymphoid organs [ 22].
Uptake of pathogenic antigens in the presence of other stimulatory signals induces DC maturation, manifested by downregulation of phagocytic receptors and upregulation of antigen-presentation machinery, and migration to lymphoid tissues to trigger secondary specific immune responses.
