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More broadly, our results are the first to correlate individual variability in migration timing with the subadult stage.
We also found weak evidence for genetically based population divergence in return migration timing, with natives returning earlier than non-natives and hybrids intermediate.
Pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) in Auke Creek, Alaska, historically maintained a bimodal distribution in migration timing, with the early and late migrants about 3 weeks apart.
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We hypothesised that migration timing is tuned with phenology along individual migration routes and tested this hypothesis with measures derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and temperature.
Hence, migration timing, often associated with river temperature, is an important aspect impacting disease potential, especially via microparasites with intermediate hosts (e.g. C. shasta, P. minibicornis).
Kovach et al. (2012) noted that the loss of the late-migrating phenotype was sudden and apparently due to selection against them, but that the more gradual trend in the median migration timing was consistent with other plastic drivers of migration date.
Not surprisingly, our individual-based approach revealed significant individual variability in migration timing, and residency time.
They argued that the change is adaptive based on a space-for-time comparison of trends in migration timing across a latitudinal gradient associated with temperature in many populations.
Survival differences between species in the same river system could be the result of many possible factors, including smolt physiology (e.g. overall health, sensitivity to environmental properties) and ecosystem niche (e.g. migration timing, use of habitat, interactions with competitors and predators).
Receptors for gonadotropin have been shown to be associated with return migration timing for spawning in chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta; Onuma et al. 2010), a trait that could be under selection in all migratory salmonids.
Consistent with this hypothesis, they documented a very fast shift in migration timing in shad and high interannual correlation with temperature (a fine-grained population response).
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com