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Thus, migration timing is of clear interest in understanding the ecology of this species and, importantly, recent work has identified a clear genetic component to differences in this trait in other taxa (Ruegg et al. 2014; Toews et al. 2014).
Monteith et al. (2011a) and Lendrum et al. (2013) showed that spring migration timing is closely linked to plant phenology, as deer aim to arrive on their summer range close in time to the peak of plant productivity.
Unlike the Willamette River, an interaction between size and migration timing is less likely to be confounded by effects of overwintering behavior prior to collection, which is rare (<5%) among adults collected at Bonneville Dam.
We hypothesised that migration timing is tuned with phenology along individual migration routes and tested this hypothesis with measures derived from the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and temperature.
2009; Ikegami and Yoshimura 2012), As salmon migration timing is primarily an adaptation to long-term average conditions (Robards and Quinn 2002), photoperiod is believed to be a key long-term, stable environmental cue that fish use to coordinate their population-specific migratory runs with seasonally varying conditions (Quinn and Adams 1996).
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In salmon, changes in juvenile migration timing are likely to be mostly plastic, whereas changes in adult migration timing are likely to be mostly genetic.
Migration timing was tested in units of the statistical week in which Pacific lamprey were collected and sampled at Bonneville Dam.
To evaluate whether adult migration timing was maintained under natural spawning and rearing conditions, differences in the upstream migration date of hatchery, wild, and unassigned individuals were tested using anova.
Kovach et al. (2012) noted that the loss of the late-migrating phenotype was sudden and apparently due to selection against them, but that the more gradual trend in the median migration timing was consistent with other plastic drivers of migration date.
This migration timing variation is thought to represent repeated, independent evolutionary responses to flow regimes in rivers, with fish entering rivers when flow regimes are suitable to facilitate upstream movements to spawning areas.
"The timing is the timing," he said.
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