In general, the economic literature on immigrant educational attainment focuses on post-migration schooling, pre-migration schooling and total attainment of schooling which equals the sum of pre- and post- migration schooling.
They may come together in great numbers during their annual migrations; schools of over a hundred juveniles under 1.5 m long have been observed off the eastern Cape of South Africa, and schools thousands strong have been reported off California.
2They focus on total schooling which is the sum of pre- and post-migration schooling.
Employers who require many education-related skills may put more effort into researching the merits of an applicant's relevant pre-migration schooling and work experience.
The key finding that emerged from the post-migration schooling literature is that age at immigration coupled with duration of residence in the host country is a primary determinant of investment in schooling1.
Although remittances may increase the likelihood of schooling among children, the effect of migration on schooling may be negative.
Gisela Stuart, a Labour MP and chair of the Vote Leave campaign, called for the government to speed up the publication of a report on the impact of migration on school places, after allegations it was being delayed until after the referendum.
If you really have had enough of poor policy making, unchecked migration, unavailable school places, immense strain on the national services, our EU membership, our extraordinarily large foreign aid budget and more… then you don't have to vote that way anymore.
These are variables relating to social background, migration background, school performance and various conditions related to the search for education and training.
In addition, we have included some questions (such as number and occupation of siblings, recent migration and school absenteeism) in both the family and girl questionnaires, to enable triangulation of data.
