Migration rate estimations indicated asymmetrical gene flow, primarily from Pacific Patagonia to Atlantic Patagonia (Nem=2.21) and the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (Nem=16.6).
Considering our migration rate estimations, most of the gene flow in N. magellanica is derived from Pacific Patagonia to the other areas.
Growth rates of mitochondrial haplogroups were estimated with Lamarc v2.2 [48] using a bayesian framework allowing migrations across haplogroups (with a maximum of 10000 migration events, default priors used for migration rates estimation).
Paetkau, D., Slade, R., Burden, M. & Estoup, A. Direct, real-time estimation of migration rate using assignment methods: a simulation-based exploration of accuracy and power.
Mathieson and McVean (2013) applied a lattice model of population subdivision that enabled joint estimation of migration rate and spatially varying selection coefficients.
First, because migrate uses an equilibrium model, effects of shared genetic history among islands, specifically the recent founding of one island population from another, may emerge as asymmetric migration rates in parameter estimation.
Similarly, Asano et al. [ 32] used dual labeling with BrdU and EdU for the estimation of cell migration rate in the small intestinal epithelium.
The estimated migration rate is not very large either.
We present analytical results for all three findings: (a) a lower estimation of the critical migration rate in the presence of local adaptation, (b) an analytical approximation for the gene flow reduction caused by unidirectional CI, and (c) a heuristic formula describing the invasion success of mutants at a mate preference locus.
The mtDNA is in reality a single locus and therefore all the values should be taken with caution: "For estimation of Theta and migration rate it is possible to get results with one region but they will improve markedly with more; doubling the number of regions nearly doubles the available information.
