In their pioneering work, Mayda and Patel (2004) collected migration policies for 14 OECD countries between 1980 and 2000, covering policies in the areas of labour migration, asylum, family reunification, and border control.
Over the past decade, there have been increasing efforts to compile migration policy databases and to measure the impact of migration policies (for an overview of recent projects, see Ellerman 2013).
Whereas the restrictive migration policies for individual health workers in destination countries have been extensively and critically discussed, there is little research regarding the possibilities that countries of origin have for mitigating the negative consequences of brain drain (14).
The challenge of matching supply with demand for physicians and other health professionals include making the 'right' decisions on the inflow in training, on the retention and retirement of the existing stock of physicians, and on migration policies for physicians.
"It is clear we need a migration policy fit for the 21st century.
The Dutch immigration minister (Gerd Leers, an ex-mayor of Maastricht) is tightening migration policy, even for EU citizens, to the consternation of the European Commission.
Finding out the threshold education level could be meaningful to the migration policy design for both countries.
We are no longer part of that, and to reconnect with our voting base – I don't mean the racists but the thousands of ordinary Labour voters, including black and Asian people – we have to design a migration policy that works for them, and not for rip-off construction bosses or slavedrivers on the farms of East Anglia.
We have some specific ideas which are intentionally focused on areas where people rightly expect more of us: ideas on improved internal and external security, an active migration policy and a policy for growth and employment.
"With all due respect for a country that is hosting 2 million refugees, it is Turkey that must do something to stop the organised crime, the smugglers working along its coast," Yannis Mouzalas, the minister for migration policy, told the Observer.
