Sentence examples for migration of smolts from inspiring English sources

Emigrant survival σ(l) includes survival during the downstream migration of smolts, the period of time spent in the ocean, and migration back to the spawning grounds.

The second difference in the life tables is the survival probability experienced during the migration of smolts through the Columbia River to the sea.

As there is limited population-level monitoring for most salmon in BC, mortality that occurs during downstream river migration of smolts is often amalgamated with ocean mortality.

For salmon, the spawning of adults, the emergence of fry, and the migration of smolts coincide with thermal cues in natal lakes and streams (e.g., Brett 1971; Brannon 1987; Roper and Scarnecchia 1999).

As used in our model, σ(l) includes survival during the downstream migration of smolts, the period of time spent in the ocean, and migration back to the spawning grounds.

Fish switched from positive rheotactic behavior in January-February, to negative rheotactic behaviour at mid-March or April depending on the year, a period corresponding to the start of the downstream migration of wild smolts from the upper river spawning areas.

Several costs are involved with migrations of salmon smolts: physiological changes for saltwater tolerance are metabolically costly, time spent migrating may in the short term take away from other possible uses of time such as feeding, and most importantly, smolts are vulnerable to predators along migration routes.

The most likely reason for this somewhat unexpected relationship is the younger average age at seaward migration of hatchery ancestry smolts.

Later initiation of smolt migration or slower migration through the river would likely increase in-river mortality, thus setting the stage for climate change to impose contradictory selection on migration timing through in-river survival (favors earlier migration) and early-ocean survival (favors later migration).

Accordingly, selection might favor delayed onset of smolt migration or a slower migration, and yet both of these effects seem unlikely given that high summer temperatures during migration increase mortality rates.

In the eastern North Pacific, the timing of the seaward migration of Pink, Chum, and Sockeye Salmon smolts coincides with the chick-provisioning period of Rhinoceros Auklets.