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Su B, Xiao J, Underhill P et al: Y chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age.
An ancient skull found in a cave in northern Israel has cast light on the migration of modern humans out of Africa and the dawn of humanity's colonisation of the world.
Su, B., Xiao, J., Underhill, P., Deka, R., Zhang, W., Akey, J. et al. Y-chromosome evidence for a northward migration of modern humans into Eastern Asia during the last Ice Age.
About 60,000 years ago, the archaeological record reveals, there was a mass migration of modern humans out of Africa that brought the two species face-to-face once more.
On the basis of the Y-chromosome lineage analysis, several research groups have attempted to elucidate the timing and the routes of the prehistoric migration of modern humans into East Asia.
Finally, tephra fallout impacts would have interrupted the westward migration of modern hominid groups in Europe, possibly supporting the hypothesis of prolonged Neanderthal survival in South-Western Europe during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition.
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The two primary prehistoric centres from which migrations of modern human populations over the continent took place were Southwest Asia and a region comprising the Mongolian plateaus and North China.
This approach has been proven effective in inferring the prehistoric migrations of modern humans into Europe.8, 9 Our previous study on Hg O3-M122 indicated a clear pattern of southern origin of this lineage and provided a solid evidence for the proposed southern route.10 Through detailed analysis of Hg N-M231, Rootsi et al.5 also detected the same migration route via Southeast Asia.
One reason the matter isn't settled is that tracing the migrations of modern humans from Africa, which began at least 40,000 years ago, has been difficult because until recently, few well-preserved remains of these first colonizers had been found.
Our phylogenetic results support a deep evolutionary history of limited polygyny and brideprice/service that stems back to early modern humans and, in the case of arranged marriage, to at least the early migrations of modern humans out of Africa.
While there is good evidence that the migrations of modern humans out of Africa were accompanied by bottlenecks [28], [30], [53], the extent to which such bottlenecks would have been sufficient to remove existing multiple haplotypes depends upon the frequency at which the standing genetic variation is present prior to the bottleneck and the magnitude and length of the bottleneck.
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