Subscript i and t denote country and year respectively, Y it are the migration variables of interest (i.e. skilled migration m i,t h, unskilled migration m i,t l, total migration m i,t k, and selection rate s i,t ), Aid it is the ratio of international aid on Gross Domestic Product (GDP), X it is a matrix of control variables and δ i and τ t are the individual and time fixed effects respectively.
Both individual condition and migration are of interest to wildlife managers as recent anthropogenic development may threaten migratory routes for mule deer (Sawyer et al. 2005, 2009), and climate change could cause trophic mismatches (Post and Forchhammer 2008), with phenotypic plasticity in migration being suggested as a potential buffer for mule deer against this process (Monteith et al. 2011b).
While this is an important limiting case and applies to a number of natural systems (e.g., King and Lawson 1995), an extension to two-way migration is of interest, because natural populations or incipient species often exchange migrants mutually (e.g., Janssen and Mundy 2013; Nadeau et al. 2013).
Filopodia have been shown to play an important role in cell migration: these thin actin protrusions can probe the extracellular environment and guide cell migration toward sites of interest.
Given differential expression of these and other molecules involved in cell migration, it was of interest to determine whether loss of the TCR signal due to inactivation of p56Lck expression impacted Treg cell migration and hence the distribution of Treg cells in the body.
In these systems, hydrogeological and chemical processes are closely entangled and their interdependency has been analyzed in detail, notably with respect to redox reactions, kinetics of mineralogical evolution and hydrodynamic migration of species of interest.
Because Sma clearly plays a role in cell migration it was of interest to determine whether it showed any interaction with the actin cytoskeleton and whether its localization changed in migrating cells.
Looking at our variables of interest (migration and norm), the pattern of significant coefficients is similar for skilled and total migration.
The margin of error associated with the sample of the main characteristic of interest (migration experience) is indicated at the 95percentt confidence level.
where Y t is the outcome of interest (migration in our case) for an individual i (either treated or not treated) at time t.
