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Electroactive systems that promote directional axonal growth and migration of glial progenitor cells (GPC) are needed for the treatment of neurological injuries.
The formation of commissures starts at stage 12 of embryonic development and involves dynamic, but reproducible interactions between: growth of the neurons, their fasciculation with other neurons to form the different bundles, apoptosis of neuronal cells, and migration of glial cells.
The migration of glial cells into the nerve head and retina is likely inhibited by mechanisms similar to those that halt the migration of oligodendrocytes from the optic nerve into the rodent and primate retina (see Fig. 9; reviewed by [33]).
For instance, migration of glial progenitor cells derived from mouse embryonic cortical neurospheres and explants was shown to be regulated by intracellular Ca2+ oscillations driven by ATP activation of P2Y1R (Scemes et al., 2003; Striedinger et al., 2007).
In light of the above studies substantiating a role for the EGFR in the migration of glial progenitors in remyelination, our results suggest a previously unanticipated role for the EGFR in progenitor cell migration post-ischaemic injury.
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This study further highlights the importance of sequential receptor tyrosine kinase activation to achieve coordinated migration of all glial cells, as abnormal glial migration is a feature of many human diseases.
Thus it seems likely that the effects of MβCD treatment were on internal mechanisms by which migration of the glial cell body is coupled to process extension [e.g., 114].
As shown in Fig. 7A, the OECs migration-promoting effect of glial scar tissue was time-dependent.
As the glial scar is composed primarily of reactive astrocytes induced by injury [2], we next examined whether the migration-promoting effect of glial scar tissue was mediated by reactive astrocytes.
Similarly, α2M was shown to activate proMMP-2 via binding to LRP1 and promote the migration of human Müller glial cells [ 29].
Not surprisingly, the PRG-A list contained genes primarily involved in cellular proliferation and growth, cellular migration and inflammatory disease, accurately reflecting the proliferation, activation, and migration of astrocytes and glial cells to damaged areas of the brain.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
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