Suggested paths of migration and diversification of P. infestans lineages HERB-1 and US-1.
Several explanations for the changed role and self-confidence of cities have been offered, such as the promotion of local responses to migration and diversification by European Union institutions, the evolution of city networks, the questioning of national-level policy frameworks, and the immediate pressures cities face to respond to local diversity.
To assess the epidemiological validity of this population genetic framework, we compared our results with published epidemiological data regarding specific migration and diversification events.
Scoones (1998), for example, identifies three important livelihood strategies: agricultural intensification/extensification, livelihood diversification, and migration.
We found that the main adaptation strategies that significantly influenced household income levels were forage production (hay and straw), access to water sources, livestock diversification and migration.
Diversification and migration of the species-rich pantropical genera Burmannia and Gymnosiphon display congruent patterns.
Moreover, the allelic diversity pattern among strains gave us insight into the evolution, diversification, and migration of this parasite in the African continent.
To test for variation in diversification and migration rates among rainfall zones within the SWBP, we used GeoSSE rather than BiSSE.
To test for variation in diversification and migration rates between SWBP and non-SWBP species, we began by fitting a BiSSE model in which all six parameters were allowed to vary (full model).
We applied Bayesian phylogeographic inference and recombination analyses to available and newly described CMG sequences to reconstruct a plausible history of CMG diversification and migration between Africa and South West Indian Ocean (SWIO) islands.
