Sentence examples for migration costs are from inspiring English sources

This might suggest that migration costs are decreasing in skill level as in Chiquiar and Hanson (2005).

An increase in US border enforcement significantly reduces the flow of Mexican immigrants since migration costs are higher (Angelucci 2012).

Low country-specific migration costs are captured by the highest value of the country intercepts, medium migration costs by the mean of all country fixed-effects and high migration costs by the lowest value of the country dummies.

11 Migration costs are here intended to include both monetary and non-monetary costs, such as informational costs related to the journey and to labor markets at destination (Munshi 2003).

Migration costs are likely to be lower to nearby states than to more distant ones, and immigrants may have better information about opportunities in nearby states than in more distant ones.

This may be due to selective non-response and to differences in age and/or home country, since the monetary migration costs are a function of the route taken and of funds available.

Migration costs was the next greatest influence.

Likewise, remittances may be viewed as loan repayment if the migration costs were borne by the remittance-receiving family.

A way to proxy for transportation costs (which also count as migration costs) is to use the distance in miles between the origin state in Mexico and the destination state in the USA.

Data on migration costs is unavailable, but it is difficult to imagine why migration costs in Ghana would differ from migration costs in South Africa.

Similarly, a greedy heuristic that incorporates migration cost was proposed in [27].