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Migration background is widely accepted exactly because it avoids the pitfalls of ethnicity.
Social integration and the health of adolescents with a migration background is a major concern in multicultural societies.
Migration background is indefinitely attributed to foreign nationals, including grandchildren and great-grandchildren of immigrants proper, who lack German citizenship.
As explained above, the only key indicator in the PIAAC gross sample that can be used to operationalize migration background is citizenship.
This is defined indirectly as follows: If a young person has German citizenship and learned only German as a child and the mother and father were also born in Germany, then no migration background is assumed; if one of these conditions does not apply, then a migration background is assumed.
We standardized the measure to a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Respondents' migration background is measured by a combination of two indicators: (1) whether a respondent is born abroad and (2) whether his or her native language (mother tongue) is different from the assessment language.
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Hence, replication studies using different indicators of migration background are desirable.
Moreover, no significant effects of migration background were found (Chi Square = 3.74, p = 0.154).
Furthermore, children with a migration background are more likely to be centrally obese (OR 1.68 [1.18; 2.40]), which means 12.1% of the children with migration background are centrally obese versus 7.6% of their peers.
As discussed in the literature, response rates of persons with a migration background are lower than those of natives.
During school holidays, for instance, the probability of contacting people with a migration background was lower (p = .001) than outside the school holidays.
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