Hubbell's neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography [28] examines the consequences of assuming a per capita ecological equivalence of trophically similar individuals of all sympatric species in a given community when shaped by ecological drift, random migration and random speciation.
Although a clear link between CSb fragmentation and migration and the successive speciation events has been demonstrated for other groups of animals [ 19- 21], the case of S. mediterranea is unique because a correlation between geological events and its distribution has not been linked to any speciation event, which implies a more ancient origin for S. mediterranea.
The method is based on the biological species concept, assuming no migration following speciation and allowing for stochastic fluctuations in the coalescent process and lineage sorting due to ancestral polymorphism [ 15, 17, 18].
When populations diverge in sympatry or parapatry, they must overcome the exchange of genes due to migration and hybridization (interbreeding) if speciation is to proceed.
When populations diverge in sympatry or parapatry, they must overcome the homogenizing effects of gene flow due to migration and hybridization (interbreeding) if speciation is to proceed.
Finlay [ 49] suggests that there is something fundamentally different about microorganisms, including protists, such as higher rates of migration and lower rates of speciation that causes them to be more cosmopolitan than larger organisms.
Mitochondrial DNA shows ample signatures of genomic events such as gene flow, migration, bottlenecks, speciation, hybridization and reinforcement [ 10- 16], so it might give better information for studying current as well as historical genetic events affecting these mosquitoes [ 5, 16].
The resulting harsh environmental conditions due to the migration of Antarctica to the South Pole led to a strong selective pressure possibly promoting adaptive radiation and speciation.
and many other genera of temperate regions represents the distribution of relict Tertiary (Cenozoic), the result of complex and often intertwined processes that occurred in the past, such as migration, dispersal, vicariance, speciation and extinction (Xiang et al. 1998; Wen 1999, 2001; Donoghue et al. 2001; Xiang and Soltis 2001).
The meaning of species and speciation: A genetic perspective.
