Sentence examples for migration and mutation from inspiring English sources

In addition, problem-specific migration and mutation model are introduced to improve the effectiveness of the new algorithm.

To estimate Ne based on multiple sampling periods for the migrant population from Padre Island, we employed three methods that are based on the premise that temporal variance in neutral genetic allele frequencies is inversely proportional to Ne due to the effects of genetic drift in the absence of migration and mutation [66], [67].

By studying virus migration and mutation patterns, the field of phylogeography provides a valuable tool for improving their surveillance.

This regime corresponds to the island coalescent model when the migration and mutation parameters are roughly on the same timescale.

For example, Deme (Weisstein and Barnes, 2007) models the evolution of three local populations in response to natural selection, genetic drift, migration, and mutation.

Models based in coalescent theory (Kingman, 2000) have been the most appealing GMs because they relate LD to evolutionary factors, such as recombination rate, migration and mutation.

M igrate-N estimates the posterior distribution of mutation-scaled migration and mutation-scaled effective population size parameters, as well as the marginal likelihood of each gene flow network hypothesis (Beerli 2006).

PAX3 is known to be necessary for neural crest cell development and migration, and mutations in PAX3 are associated with spina bifida and sensorineural hearing loss as well as facial dysmorphism (Pingault et al., 2010).

Precisely how the biological traits of plants and the cultural practices of farmers act on fundamental evolutionary forces – drift, migration, selection, and mutation – to create and maintain crop plant diversity has been little investigated in detail.

After migration, reproduction and mutation occurs.

However, its direct-copying-based migration and random mutation operators make BBO possess good local exploitation ability but lack enough global exploration ability.