(2) What is the relation between migration and livelihoods?
Research conducted in seven HDSS centres [International Network for the Demographic Evaluation of Populations and Their Health (INDEPTH) Network], published in a peer-reviewed volume in 2009, is summarised focussing on the age sex profile of migrants, the relation between migration and livelihoods, and the impact of migration on health.
Recent theorizing on migration and development is based on the New Economics of Labour Migration (NELM) and livelihood approaches (de Haas 2010) which take a more holistic view of migration and development.
The rural livelihoods framework provides a solid base to synthesize the literature on migration and rural livelihoods with the research on the environmental impacts of migration in rural origin areas.
Academic and policy studies have explored migration trajectories of Somalis, their integration in host societies, forms of livelihood, and more recently the impacts of remittances and return migration on livelihoods and politics in the Horn (Abdi, 2015; Hansen, 2014; Horst, 2007; Kusow, 2006).
An exception is the project "Where the Rain Falls," a comparative study that systematically explores the interrelationships between rainfall variability, food and livelihood security, and migration at various research sites in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (Warner et al. 2012).
Finally, this study has methodological implications for future research on rural migration, livelihoods, and the environment.
Data on the dynamics of migration, livelihoods and health are presented by this study, with the aim of providing insights for policy-makers and population scientists.
In a move to propagate reverse migration and a cycle of sustainable livelihood for the community, Sunny envisions training and hiring local community members as his business grows.
Therefore, the household is an appropriate level of analysis for synthetic research on migration, rural livelihoods, and the environment.
