Additional models including interaction terms between migration background and language region or period showed no remarkable differences.
This allowed us to consider the role of migration status and language, variables that have not received much attention in previous studies.
Data that are available have treated BAME women as one homogeneous non-White group (Moser et al, 2009) with little consideration of other ethnicity-related variables (for example, migration history and language spoken) and no assessment of attitudinal barriers.
Closer to home, Khanna has this provocative thought: The United States should offer Mexico the same deal it wants the Europeans to offer Turkey: inclusion, citizenship, open migration, enormous subsidies and language rights.
They were not part of our study, but they fit the demographic profile of the subjects of our research: birth to families displaced by war or strife, multiple-stage (including back-and-forth) migration, language difficulties and entry into harsh urban environments where gangs and crime are temptations.
Indeed, the robustness of the results from our scaling approach that used the common part of the context questionnaires indicates that for the purpose of obtaining plausible values the questions in those questionnaires could be reduced to a core set, such as gender, parental education and occupation, migration, home language, and home possessions.
Religion, migration to the UK and language spoken at home were also considered in this study and each of these variables was a significant predictor of HPV awareness in univariate analyses, but in a multivariate analysis, only ethnicity and religion remained significant.
A multi-faceted concept, ethnicity encompasses a range of factors such as migration history, language and religion.
Migration history, language and other information to suggest the mother may be a refugee or an asylum-seeker will be removed from the record prior to her/his assessment.
In our analyses we firstly adjust for factors that are likely to affect access to education and the acquisition of educational qualifications and literacy skills, such as parental education and language and migration background.
