For the main complications such as catheter-related infection, dialysate leak and catheter migration, early and late complications were mentioned in three [ 3, 5, 6] of the four RCTs.
Abscess and wound infections are the most frequent complications, but necrotizing fasciitis, colon or small bowel injuries, gastrocolic fistula, duodenal hematoma, liver injury, gastric perforation, and catheter migration have also been described [ 3].
Catheter securement reduces phlebitis, infection, catheter migration, and dislodgement (reviewed in [13]).
To identify the risk factors for catheter migration and demonstrate possible mechanisms of this migration.
However, it is generally considered only a temporary option due to limitations such as frequent monitoring for infection, catheter migration, and patient's immobility.
This procedure allows for a more definitive correction of catheter migration and obstruction, avoids placement of a new PDC or temporary hemodialysis, is cost-effective and expands percutaneous options for dysfunctional PD catheters.
Outcomes of interest were as follows: catheter survival, drainage dysfunction, migration, leakage, exit-site infections, peritonitis, and catheter removal.
We have developed and tested a three-dimensional in vitro model of astrocyte migration and proliferation around clinical grade ventricular catheters and into catheter holes that mimics the development of cellular outgrowth from the parenchyma that may contribute to shunt obstruction.
We utilise the mobile C-arm X-ray generator with a flat detector (Veradius Neo, Royal Philips Electronics, The Netherlands) for radiography or fluoroscopy to verify placement and migration of invasive catheters and for experimental data collection as required.
Clinical studies are needed to correlate the incidence of unintentional intravascular or subarachnoid catheter placement or migration and bending stiffness.
