After several years of "soft closures", in which the Minister of Agriculture and Marine Resources announced a fishing closure during the spawning season at the last minute each year, The Bahamas announced today that it has legislated a permanent annual closure of the Nassau Grouper fishery during the two months that they migrate and spawn.
This is important because many commercially and ecologically important species migrate between feeding and spawning grounds.
Although Diamond [ 49] recorded bream and roach spawning during the same period in two locations in England, Molls [ 51] and Lilja et al. [ 53] both recorded roach migrating to spawning grounds earlier than bream.
Results of this investigation show that the difference between a population that annually migrates to spawning grounds and a population that does not migrate depends on the area of the reserve and on the annual harvest ratio (Fig. B1).
The productive waters and shallow banks attracted shoals of herring which migrated to spawn and feed within the Firth, and these in turn attracted a diverse array of predators such as seabirds, whales, porpoises, and dogfish (Squalus spp., Squalidae) [8], [9] (see Appendix S1).
Most sockeye salmon spawning in these systems spend 1 or, less frequently, 2 years rearing in lakes before migrating to sea, where they spend 1 4 (typically 2 or 3) more years, returning in June-July and spawning in July-September (Quinn et al., in press).
In the process, cultured-origin individuals have a potentially lower relative spawning success ν S, which might occur due to nongenetic effects of rearing in the captive environment that affects spawning success (e.g., ability to migrate to spawning grounds, developmental responses to the cultured environment; Gross 1998; Youngson et al. 2001; Lorenzen et al. 2012) and due to any sterilization.
These 'anadromous' individuals spend anywhere from a few months to as much as 7 years at sea, before migrating back to spawn and die at their natal sites in fresh water.
Fish migrated in with the flood and spawned there.
Walleye movement between these lakes during non-spawning times is well known from tagging [ 91, 92] and Lake Erie walleye may have migrated to spawn at a recently augmented reef in the Detroit River [ 53].
