MIGRATE-N was used to estimate the immigration rate M (M = m/ μ, where m is the immigration rate per generation and μ is the mutation rate per generation per locus) among populations.
To determine the directional gene flow during bottleneck, MIGRATE 3.2.16 was used to perform analysis [ 52].
MIGRATE 3.4.4 was used with default parameters, with the first five runs including F ST - based statistics of Θ and M involving 10 short chains with 10,000 sampled genealogies and three long chains with 100,000 sampled genealogies.
An evolutionary approach represented by the Self-Organizing Migrating Algorithm (SOMA) was used to minimize the defined function.
The coalescence-based program MIGRATE-N 3.5.1 was used to test for and estimate gene flow between populations [ 56].
The program MIGRATE [ 44, 45] was used to examine the pattern of dispersal (migration) between geographic regions.
To estimate past migration rates, as well as the directionality of gene flow between populations, Migrate-n version 2.4 was used [ 34, 35].
The number of cells that migrated in absence of BAL was used as control (0% migration).
The functionally versatile 8 barrel scaffold was used to migrate triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) to thiamin phosphate synthase (TPS) activity, two enzymes that share the same fold but catalyze unrelated reactions through different mechanisms.
MIGRATE (version 1.7.3; Beerli 2003) was used to estimate N e and number of effective migrants (Nm) for regional groupings using a maximum likelihood methodology (Beerli and Felsenstein 2001).
