In additional, our survey found that 18.7% of families was single parented in adolescents of migrant workers, which may lead to less parental caring, love, and monitoring for them and then resulted in more risk behaviors.
A challenge when conducting research to gain understandings and devise health promotion strategies particularly for refugee populations, is to appreciate that there is large heterogeneity within the refugee population resulting from various differences in ethnocultural orientation, values, and pre-migrant experiences which may have been burdened with war or conflict.
These findings offer new insight into the obstacles that potential returner migrants may face which may impede or delay their return.
Lower insurance coverage usually results in lower use of essential health services among the elders [ 38] and migrants [ 39], which may jeopardize the goal of equity in primary care services' provision.
While Singapore has a highly accessible primary care network, migrant workers in Singapore were no longer eligible for government subsidized medical care since 2007, [ 11] and fees at private sector primary care clinics range from S$18 to S$50 per consult (S$1 = 0.8 US dollars as of May 2014), which may be costly to some migrant workers.
Taking healthy migrant effects into consideration, which may accompany the in-migration of all the other large and often fairly specific migrant groups in Russia, may amplify this small observed effect.
In addition, the sample of adolescents of migrant workers was small, which may weaken the strengths of the study.
Nevertheless, the key populations in the Belgian HIV epidemic, MSM and migrants, differ in socio-demographic characteristics such as nationality, migrant status and social context which may influence their access to HIV testing and care.
Not only the culture of the host country, but that of the migrants and other poor communities, which may or may not foster resilience and solidarity.
The population can thus be subdivided into numerous demes which may exchange migrants at each generation.
